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Coughing is a natural reflex of the body that protects us from foreign bodies, irritants and pathogens entering the respiratory tract. Although it is often perceived as a nuisance, coughing plays an important role in the Immunesystemby keeping the airways clear and preventing infections. The cough reflex is triggered by the irritation of nerves in the airways - by foreign bodies, mucus or inflammation.
A cough can arise from numerous causes. Frequent are Colds or flu-like infections of the triggers, where mucus and viruses accumulate in the airways and thus trigger a defense mechanism in the body. However, external influences such as environmental factors (e.g. smoke, dust or air pollution) can also trigger a cough. Allergies, such as those to Pollen or animal hair, as well as diseases such as Asthma and COPD intensify the cough and make it chronic. Especially in the cooler seasons, when people spend more time indoors, the frequency of coughs increases. Coughs therefore have a variety of causes and manifestations that require specific consideration and, if necessary, appropriate treatment.
Table of contents
- The different types of cough and their causes
- Acute vs. chronic cough: when to see a doctor?
- Natural and gentle cough remedies
- When is cough medication useful?
- Medicinal plants for irritating coughs
- Inhalation, steam baths and breathing exercises for coughs
- Preventing coughs in everyday life
- FAQ: Questions about coughing
1. the different types of cough and their causes
Not all coughs are the same: they can differ significantly in type, duration and intensity. Basically, cough types are differentiated according to their nature, i.e. whether they are dry or productive, and the duration of their occurrence. The four most common types of cough are
Dry cough
A dry cough is a type of cough that can be particularly unpleasant as no mucus is coughed up. It is often described as "barking" or "scratchy" and can be painful in the throat and chest. This type of cough often occurs in the early stages of a Cold or flu when the mucous membranes are irritated but not yet covered in mucus. Dry air in heated rooms can also dry out the airways and promote a dry cough, as the mucous membranes are not sufficiently moisturized. In addition, irritants such as cigarette smoke, chemicals or strong fragrances can trigger or exacerbate a dry cough.
In some cases, however, a dry cough can also indicate irritation of the airways without an infection. Allergy sufferers are often affected by a dry cough, as allergens such as pollen, house dust or animal hair can irritate the airways. Also with Asthma a dry cough is a common symptom. In this case, the symptoms are caused by a narrowing of the airways and not by an accumulation of mucus. Typically, a dry cough worsens at night, which can interfere with sleep. Relief methods include humidifiers, warm drinks and certain cough suppressants, which reduce the irritation caused by coughing.
Productive cough
A productive cough, also known as a "phlegmy cough", is characterized by the coughing up of phlegm and is often considered a sign of the progression of a Cold or respiratory infection. In contrast to a dry cough, a productive cough is an important defense mechanism of the body: the mucous membranes produce mucus to remove pathogens, harmful substances and dead cells from the respiratory tract. A mucous cough typically occurs in the later stages of a cold and is caused by viruses or bacteria that have colonized the respiratory tract.
As mucus can become thick and viscous, sufficient fluid intake is crucial to keep the mucus fluid and make it easier to cough up. In addition to plenty of water, herbal teas, particularly those with expectorant or anti-inflammatory herbs such as thyme or Sagecan be helpful. A productive cough may be a sign that the infection is moving into the healing phase, but should not be suppressed as coughing up mucus is important for recovery. Mucolytics (expectorants) are often recommended to facilitate expectoration.
Irritant cough
Irritating cough is a form of dry cough that is often associated with upper respiratory tract infections such as Coldsor in dry and dusty environments. Unlike a productive cough, a chesty cough does not cause mucus to be coughed up. Instead, sufferers feel a constant urge to cough, which is triggered by a slight scratching or tickling sensation in the throat. This cough can be very annoying and often occurs in bouts, especially at night or in dry indoor spaces, which can interfere with sleep.
Irritable coughs can be caused by allergic reactions to Pollen, Dust or animal hair, but also irritating substances such as smoke, chemicals or strong perfumes. Dry heating air in winter also promotes an irritating cough, as it dries out the mucous membranes. Soothing measures for an irritating cough include avoiding irritants, breathing in humidified air and drinking warm drinks. In some cases, cough suppressants can be useful to relieve the irritating cough and improve sleep.
Tickly cough
Tickly cough is another form of dry cough that is often confused with chesty cough. It is characterized by a strong but short-lived cough that is triggered by a "tickle" in the throat and usually occurs without warning. This coughing stimulus can start abruptly and send sufferers into sudden coughing fits, which are often triggered by irritation in the upper throat. Dry air, mild inflammation or even cold air can exacerbate this urge to cough and trigger attacks.
A classic feature of tickly cough is its tendency to occur more frequently, especially with a dry throat or due to frequent talking. Relief methods include warm drinks that soothe the mucous membranes or gargling with salt water, which has a mild disinfectant and soothing effect. Lozenges or sweets that promote moisture in the mouth and throat can also help to moisten the mucous membranes and reduce the irritation of the cough.
2 Acute vs. chronic cough: when to see a doctor?
Coughs can basically be divided into two temporal categories: acute and chronic coughs. An acute cough usually only lasts a few days to a maximum of three weeks and is usually a symptom of a viral infection such as a Cold or flu. An acute cough is often accompanied by other cold symptoms such as fever, sore throat or a runny nose. In such cases, it is often sufficient to observe the cough and alleviate it with home remedies such as teas or inhalations. Acute coughs usually subside as soon as the body has fought off the underlying infection.
A chronic cough, on the other hand, persists for a period of eight weeks or longer and should always be considered a warning sign. It can have various causes, from chronic respiratory diseases such as Asthma and COPD to allergies or reflux diseases. Symptoms such as bloody sputum, persistent fever, unintentional weight loss or night sweats are particularly worrying, as they could indicate more serious illnesses. Smokers are also more frequently affected by chronic coughs and should be examined by a doctor if they have a persistent cough, as it can be a sign of lung problems. Anyone who suffers from a cough for longer than eight weeks or has accompanying symptoms should therefore definitely consult a doctor to clarify the cause and receive targeted treatment.
3. natural and gentle cough remedies
Natural and gentle cough remedies are popular alternatives to medication and can be helpful for both acute and chronic coughs. Home remedies are particularly valuable because they are often easily accessible and free from chemical additives. A tried and tested home remedy for coughs is honey, which has an anti-inflammatory and soothing effect on the mucous membranes. A teaspoon of honey in warm tea or taken directly can help to relieve coughing and a scratchy throat. Especially in the evening before going to bed, honey can help you sleep as a natural "cough suppressant".
Herbal teas such as Sage- or thyme tea are recommended for coughs, as both medicinal herbs have an expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect. They support the self-cleaning of the airways and soothe irritated mucous membranes. Another natural remedy is inhalation with steam. The humidified air ensures that the airways and mucous membranes are supplied with moisture, which makes it easier to cough up and soothes the irritation of the cough. Camomile- or thyme additives in the water have an additional anti-inflammatory effect.
4 When is cough medication useful?
In some cases, the use of natural methods and home remedies is not enough and cough medication may be necessary. Targeted drug treatment can be particularly useful for severe, persistent coughs that are accompanied by other symptoms such as fever or pain. Cough medicines can basically be divided into two categories: Cough suppressants and expectorants. Cough suppressants, also known as antitussives, are used for dry, irritating coughs when the cough is painful and without mucus production. They act directly on the cough center in the brain and suppress the urge to cough, which is particularly helpful at night to promote restful sleep.
Mucolytics (expectorants), on the other hand, are used for productive coughs to liquefy the mucus and make it easier to cough up. These medications act on the mucous membranes and help to loosen the thick mucus so that it can be removed more easily. Common mucolytics include preparations with active ingredients such as acetylcysteine or ambroxol. The intake of mucolytics should always be combined with sufficient fluid intake, as this supports the effect and also liquefies the mucus.
When taking cough medication, it is important to pay attention to the correct dosage and duration of use, as taking it for too long can irritate the mucous membranes. In addition, cough suppressants and expectorants should not be used at the same time, as this could inhibit the natural cough reflex and worsen the build-up of mucus in the airways. Cough medication should therefore always be used selectively and with caution in order to achieve quick and effective relief.
5. medicinal plants for irritating coughs
The American nard is a medicinal plant that is traditionally used to alleviate respiratory complaints. It has calming and slightly expectorant properties, which are particularly helpful for dry irritating coughs. American nard can relax the mucous membranes and soothe the urge to cough, providing pleasant relief from recurring coughing fits or chronic coughs. It is often used in the form of tinctures or homeopathic remedies and is particularly suitable for coughs accompanied by hoarseness and irritated lungs.
Arnica is primarily known for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties and is traditionally used in naturopathy to help with various inflammations. Arnica can help soothe irritated airways and relax inflamed mucous membranes in the case of an irritating cough. It is particularly useful if the cough is accompanied by pressure pains in the chest.
The Cistus is rich in polyphenols, which have a strong antiviral and antibacterial effect and protect the Immunesystem strengthen. Cistus can support the healing of irritable coughs by protecting the respiratory tract and inhibiting the multiplication of pathogens. Rockrose is particularly suitable for preventing colds and supporting the immune system. Immune system.
Mugwort is a versatile plant with expectorant and antispasmodic properties that can help with dry and spasmodic coughs. It promotes relaxation of the airways and can relieve coughing fits by soothing the muscles in the lungs. Mugwort is traditionally used as a tea or in herbal mixtures and can alleviate the urge to cough by moistening the mucous membranes and gently relaxing the airways. Mugwort is well suited as an accompanying treatment for dry coughs associated with Asthma or bronchitis.
The BelladonnaBelladonna, known for its antispasmodic and calming effect, is often used in homeopathy to treat irritable coughs. Belladonna can reduce the irritating cough and soothe the respiratory tract, particularly in cases of sudden, dry coughs accompanied by fever or hot flushes. In low, homeopathic doses, belladonna helps to reduce the urge to cough without inhibiting the body's natural defense mechanisms.Â
With natural methods, such as the individual spagyric mixtures from Zimply Natural, your complaints can be relieved naturally and sustainably.
6. inhalation, steam baths and breathing exercises for coughs
Inhalation and steam baths are tried and tested home remedies for coughs that can both moisturize the mucous membranes and loosen the mucus in the airways. These methods are particularly helpful for dry coughs and productive coughs where mucus needs to be coughed up. The warm, moist air inhaled during inhalation promotes mucus clearance and soothes irritated airways. A hot water bath is usually used for inhalation, into which anti-inflammatory herbs such as Chamomile or thyme. Alternatively, a saline solution can be used to additionally disinfect the airways.
To inhale, carefully bend over the hot water and cover your head and the bowl with a towel so that the vapors can be inhaled in concentrated form. An inhalation time of around 10 to 15 minutes is ideal. Particular care should be taken with children to ensure that the water is not too hot in order to avoid burns. Steam baths in the shower can also help to moisten the airways if direct inhalation is not desired.
Breathing exercises are another method that is particularly useful for coughs caused by respiratory diseases such as Asthma or COPD can be helpful. These exercises support lung function and promote mucus clearance through targeted breathing techniques. A simple breathing exercise that can help with a cough is the so-called "lip brake": you breathe in deeply through your nose and then blow the air out slowly through your slightly closed lips, which slows down the airflow and calms the airways. Coughing exercises, in which you specifically "breathe out" the cough, can also help to loosen mucus and alleviate the urge to cough.
7. Preventing coughs in everyday life
Preventing coughs is not only useful in winter or during the cold season, but all year round - after all, healthy airways are essential for our well-being. By strengthening the Immune system and avoiding irritants can significantly reduce the risk of developing a cough. A healthy Immunesystem is the best defense against viruses and bacteria that can cause coughs and other respiratory illnesses. It is therefore worth integrating a few measures into your everyday life to strengthen your immune system and prevent coughs.
Practical tips for strengthening the immune system
A strong Immunesystem is the basis for respiratory health and protects against infections that can cause coughs. A balanced and vitamin-rich diet plays a key role in this. Fruit and vegetables, especially those with a high vitamin C content such as oranges, peppers and kiwis, help to strengthen the body's defenses. Vitamin D, which our body produces through exposure to sunlight and is found in fatty fish and eggs, is also important for protecting the immune system. Immunesystem to maintain good health. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as those found in fish, walnuts and linseed, have an anti-inflammatory effect and promote general health.
Regular exercise is another important factor. Even moderate exercise such as daily walks, cycling or gentle jogging stimulates blood circulation and promotes the Immunesystem. Exercising in the fresh air in particular helps to strengthen the respiratory tract and make it more resistant to pathogens. Adequate sleep and stress management are also essential, as a lack of sleep and stress Immunesystem weaken the body and make it more susceptible to infections.
Avoidance of irritants and protection against colds
In addition to strengthening the Immune system it is advisable to specifically protect the airways from irritants and other risk factors. Smoke, dust and chemicals can irritate the mucous membranes and increase the urge to cough. The airways are also often irritated in dusty or poorly ventilated rooms, which is why regular ventilation and the use of an air purifier can be helpful.
Another important aspect of preventing coughs is hygiene, especially during the Cold and flu season. Washing your hands regularly with soap and water is a simple but effective way to protect yourself from viruses and bacteria that can enter the body via the hands. Warm clothing and avoiding draughts also protect the body from cooling down, which can cause the Immunesystem can weaken. These simple but effective measures help to keep the airways healthy and reduce the risk of coughs and other respiratory diseases.
8 FAQ: Questions about coughing
Why does my cough last so long even though the cold is over?
A cough often remains as the last symptom of a cold, as the irritated airways need time to heal. This is often referred to as a "post-infectious cough", which can last up to eight weeks. Irritants such as dry air, smoke or dust can exacerbate this cough and delay healing. Warm drinks, humidifiers and avoiding irritants can help to support the airways. However, if the cough lasts longer than eight weeks or if new symptoms such as shortness of breath or chest pain occur, it is advisable to see a doctor to rule out other possible causes.
How does an allergic cough differ from a cough caused by a cold?
Allergic coughs are usually triggered by irritants such as pollen, house dust or animal dander and often occur seasonally or in certain environments. In contrast to a cold cough, an allergic cough is usually dry and is rarely accompanied by other cold symptoms such as fever, sore throat or tiredness. It can also be accompanied by other allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching or watery eyes. A cold cough, on the other hand, is caused by viral infections, where the cough often starts out dry and later becomes productive when mucus is produced. Allergic coughs often subside if you stay away from the allergy triggers or take antihistamines, while cold coughs subside as they heal.
When is it advisable to take cough suppressants or expectorants?
Cough suppressants and expectorants have different applications and should be used selectively. Cough suppressants (antitussives) are useful for dry, irritating coughs, especially if they disturb sleep at night. They suppress the urge to cough and thus help to calm the airways. Expectorants, on the other hand, are suitable for productive coughs, as they liquefy the mucus and make it easier to cough up. This allows the body to get rid of secretions more easily and clears the airways. Important: Cough suppressants and expectorants should not be taken at the same time, as this can inhibit the natural cough reflex and congest the mucus.
